A new study by researchers from the University of Bath has revealed the potential benefits and challenges of the UK’s first Net Zero Carbon planning policy, which was implemented by Bath & North East Somerset Council (B&NES) earlier this year.
The policy, which covers both the operational and embodied emissions of new residential and major non-residential building developments, aims to ensure that new buildings in the area achieve net zero operational energy by meeting energy consumption targets and matching consumption with on-site renewables, with offsetting allowed only in exceptional circumstances. The policy also requires that major developments demonstrate an embodied carbon value below a threshold value, with no offsetting permitted.
The study, which was funded by the South West Net Zero Hub, analysed every planning application made to B&NES between January and July 2023, and followed up with applicants with a questionnaire1. The researchers found that most planning applicants broadly support the intentions of the policy, while highlighting concerns about increased planning and construction costs, and awareness of the scheme.
The study also found that every compliant application submitted during the review period included solar photovoltaics and heat pumps, indicating a strong consensus that they are key technologies in efforts to achieve net zero1. The new framework makes Bath and its surroundings, known for historic architecture, an important testbed for future national regulations and local planning policies.
The report authors include planning staff from B&NES, representatives from the South West Net Zero Hub, Chapter 2 Architects and the sustainability consultancy Bioregional1. They recommend that B&NES should improve communication and engagement with applicants and stakeholders, provide more guidance and support on how to comply with the policy, and monitor and evaluate the impacts of the policy on carbon emissions and energy performance. They also suggest that B&NES should explore opportunities for collaboration and learning with other local authorities and organisations that are developing or implementing similar policies.
The report acknowledges that the policy is ambitious and challenging, but also necessary and timely to address the climate emergency and achieve net zero targets. The report concludes that the policy is likely to establish significant carbon savings in new buildings and reduce energy bills for occupants, while also enhancing the quality and resilience of the built environment.
